2.2.19.
Ëîêàëüíûå êàíàëüíûå ñîîáùåíèÿ
Çàäàþòñÿ
êîíòðîëëåðàìè îò 120 äî 127 è óïðàâëÿþò îáðàáîòêîé ñîîáùåíèé â êàíàëàõ:
- 120 — All
Sounds Off;
- 121 —Reset
All Controllers;
- 122 — Local
Control;
- 123 — All
Notes Off;
- 124 — Omni
Off;
- 125 — Omni
On;
- 126 — Mono;
- 127 —Poly.
Îáÿçàòåëüíûìè
â General MIDI îïðåäåëåíû òîëüêî êîíòðîëëåðû 121 è 123.
Ñîîáùåíèå
All Notes Off èìèòèðóåò âûêëþ÷åíèå âñåõ âêëþ÷åííûõ íîò è ïîëíîñòüþ ýêâèâàëåíòíî
ïîñûëêå ñîîáùåíèÿ Note Off äëÿ êàæäîé çâó÷àùåé íîòû; áóäåò ëè ïðè ýòîì ïðåêðàùåíî
çâó÷àíèå íîòû — çàâèñèò îò ñîñòîÿíèÿ ðåæèìîâ Sustain è Sostenuto. Ñîîáùåíèå
All Sounds Off äåéñòâóåò òàê æå, íî íå çàâèñèò îò ðåæèìîâ Sustain/Sostenuto;
êðîìå òîãî, îíî íåìåäëåííî ïðåêðàùàåò çâó÷àíèå âñåõ íîò, íàõîäÿùèõñÿ â ñòàäèè
êîíöåâîãî çàòóõàíèÿ (Release).
Ñîñòîÿíèå
ñàìèõ ðåæèìîâ Sustain/Sostenuto ýòè ñîîáùåíèÿ íå çàòðàãèâàþò.
Ñîîáùåíèå
Reset All Controllers óñòàíàâëèâàåò âñå êîíòðîëëåðû â çíà÷åíèÿ ïî óìîë÷àíèþ
è èñïîëüçóåòñÿ äëÿ íà÷àëüíîé óñòàíîâêè óñòðîéñòâà ïåðåä ïðîèãðûâàíèåì ïàðòèòóðû.
Ñîîáùåíèå
Local Control ñëóæèò äëÿ çàïðåòà/ðàçðåøåíèÿ óïðàâëåíèÿ óñòðîéñòâîì ñ ëîêàëüíîé
ïàíåëè. Íóëåâîå çíà÷åíèå ïàðàìåòðà çàïðåùàåò óïðàâëåíèå ñ ïàíåëè, (óñòðîéñòâî
óïðàâëÿåòñÿ òîëüêî ïî MIDI), çíà÷åíèå "127" ðàçðåøàåò åãî.
Ñîîáùåíèÿ
Omni On/Off ñëóæàò äëÿ âêëþ÷åíèÿ/âûêëþ÷åíèÿ ðåæèìà Omni — ðåàêöèè óñòðîéñòâà
íà êàíàëüíûå ñîîáùåíèÿ. Ïðè âêëþ÷åííîì ðåæèìå Omni óñòðîéñòâî îáðàáàòûâàåò ñîîáùåíèÿ
äëÿ âñåõ êàíàëîâ, ïðè îòêëþ÷åííîì — òîëüêî ñîîáùåíèÿ äëÿ âûáðàííîãî êàíàëà (Basic
Channel). Ýòî ïîçâîëÿåò ðàçäåëèòü óñòðîéñòâà ìåæäó êàíàëàìè. Êàíàë íàçíà÷àåòñÿ
óñòðîéñòâó ëèáî ñ åãî ïàíåëè óïðàâëåíèÿ, ëèáî ïðè ïîìîùè ñîîáùåíèé SysEx. Ðåæèì
Omni èìååò ñìûñë â îñíîâíîì äëÿ ñòàðûõ èíñòðóìåíòîâ, èìåþùèõ îäèí MIDI-êàíàë
è íå ïîääåðæèâàþùèõ ðàçäåëåíèå òåìáðîâ.
Ñîîáùåíèÿ
Mono/Poly ñëóæàò äëÿ ïåðåêëþ÷åíèÿ îäíîãîëîñíîãî è ìíîãîãîëîñíîãî (ïîëèôîíè÷åñêîãî)
ðåæèìîâ.
Â
îäíîãîëîñíîì ðåæèìå â êàæäûé ìîìåíò âðåìåíè ìîæåò çâó÷àòü òîëüêî îäíà íîòà;
âêëþ÷åíèå íîâîé íîòû ïðèâîäèò ê ïðèíóäèòåëüíîìó îòêëþ÷åíèþ ïðåäûäóùåé.  ïîëèôîíè÷åñêîì
ðåæèìå âêëþ÷åíèå êàæäîé íîâîé íîòû çàïóñêàåò î÷åðåäíîé ñâîáîäíûé ãåíåðàòîð,
à ïî îêîí÷àíèè ðàáîòû ãåíåðàòîðîâ íîâûå íîòû ëèáî èãíîðèðóþòñÿ, ëèáî ïðèâîäÿò
ê ïðèíóäèòåëüíîìó âûêëþ÷åíèþ íàèáîëåå "ñòàðûõ" íîò. Çíà÷åíèå nn â
ñîîáùåíèè Mono âîñïðèíèìàåòñÿ íåêîòîðûìè óñòðîéñòâàìè êàê êîëè÷åñòâî MIDI-êàíàëîâ,
ïî êîòîðûì, íà÷èíàÿ ñ Basic Channel, ðàñïðåäåëÿþòñÿ íîòû â îäíîãîëîñíîì ðåæèìå
ïðè âûêëþ÷åííîì ðåæèìå Omni. Ñìûñë ýòîé ãðóïïû êàíàëîâ ðàçëè÷åí äëÿ ïåðåäàþùèõ
è ïðèíèìàþùèõ óñòðîéñòâ. Ïåðåäàþùåå óñòðîéñòâî íàïðàâëÿåò ïåðâóþ íîòó â Basic
Channel, ñëåäóþùóþ çà íåé - - â Basic Channel + 1 è ò. ä., çàòåì î÷åðåäíàÿ íîòà
ñíîâà íàïðàâëÿåòñÿ â Basic Channel, è öèêë ïîâòîðÿåòñÿ. Ïðèåìíîå óñòðîéñòâî
âîñïðèíèìàåò êàíàëüíûå ñîîáùåíèÿ òîëüêî âíóòðè çàäàííîé ãðóïïû êàíàëîâ, êàæäûé
èç êîòîðûõ ðàáîòàåò â îäíîãîëîñíîì ðåæèìå. Òàêîé ïðèåì ïîçâîëÿåò ðåàëèçîâàòü
ìíîãîãîëîñíîå èñïîëíåíèå íà ñèíòåçàòîðàõ, èìåþùèõ æåñòêóþ ïðèâÿçêó ãîëîñîâ (ãåíåðàòîðîâ)
ê MIDI-êàíàëàì. Êîíòðîëëåðû Omni, Mono è Poly âûçûâàþò òàêæå îòðàáîòêó êîíòðîëëåðà
All Sounds Off. Îò ðàçëè÷íûõ ñî÷åòàíèé ðåæèìîâ Omni, Poly è Mono ïðîèñõîäÿò
÷åòûðå îñíîâíûõ ðåæèìà ðàáîòû (mode) MIDI-óñòðîéñòâ:
- 1 — Omni On,
Poly;
- 2 — Omni On,
Mono;
- Ç — Omni Off,
Poly;
- 4 — Omni Off,
Mono.
Áîëüøèíñòâî
ñîâðåìåííûõ óñòðîéñòâ ðàáîòàåò â ðåæèìå mode 3 — ïîëèôîíè÷åñêèé ðåæèì ñ íåçàâèñèìîé
ðàáîòîé êàíàëîâ.
Â
GM äîëæíî áûòü 128 çâóêîâ ìåëîäè÷åñêèõ èíñòðóìåíòîâ è 47 çâóêîâ óäàðíûõ, êîòîðûå
äîëæíû ðàñïîëàãàòüñÿ â îïðåäåëåííîì ïîðÿäêå (òàáë. 2.7 è 2.8).
Òàáëèöà
2.7. Ìåëîäè÷åñêèå èíñòðóìåíòû
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Acoustic
Grand Piano — áîëüøîé àêóñòè÷åñêèé ðîÿëü
Bright
Acoustic Piano — ÿðêèé àêóñòè÷åñêèé ðîÿëü
Electric
Grand Piano — áîëüøîå ýëåêòðè÷åñêîå ïèàíèíî
Honky-tonki
Piano — ðàññòðîåííûé ðîÿëü
Electric
Piano 1 — ýëåêòðè÷åñêîå ïèàíèíî 1
Electric
Piano 2 — ýëåêòðè÷åñêîå ïèàíèíî 2
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Glockenspiel
— êîëîêîëü÷èêè
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Music
Box — ìóçûêàëüíûé ÿùèê
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Tubular,
Bells — êîëîêîëà
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Drawbar
Organ — ìåõàíè÷åñêèé îðãàí
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Percussive
Organ — ïåðêóññèîííûé îðãàí
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Church
Organ — êàôåäðàëüíûé îðãàí
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Reed
Organ — ÿçû÷êîâûé îðãàí
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Tango
accordion — àêêîðäåîí òàíãî
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Acoustic
Guitar (nylon) — àêóñòè÷åñêàÿ ãèòàðà (íåéëîí)
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Acoustic
Guitar (steel) — àêóñòè÷åñêàÿ ãèòàðà (ìåòàëë)
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Electric
Guitar (jazz) — ýëåêòðîãèòàðà äæàçîâàÿ
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Electric
Guitar (clean) — ýëåêòðîãèòàðà ÷èñòàÿ
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Electric
Guitar (muted) — ýëåêòðîãèòàðà ïðèãëóøåííàÿ
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Overdriven
Guitar — îâåðäðàéâ-ãèòàðà
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Distortion
Guitar — äèñòîðøí-ãèòàðà
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Guitar
Harmonics — ãèòàðíûå ãàðìîíèêè
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Acoustic
Bass — àêóñòè÷åñêèé áàñ
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Electric
Bass (finger) — ïàëüöåâûé áàñ
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Electric
Bass (pick) — ùèïêîâûé áàñ
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Fretless
Bass — áåçëàäîâûé áàñ
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Synth
Bass 1 — ñèíòåòè÷åñêèé áàñ 1
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Synth
Bass 2 — ñèíòåòè÷åñêèé áàñ 2
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Tremolo
Strings — òðåìîëî ñòðóííûõ
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Pizzicato
Strings — ïèööèêàòî ñòðóííûõ
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Orchestral
Harp — îðêåñòðîâàÿ àðôà
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String
Ensemble 1 — ñòðóííûé àíñàìáëü 1
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String
Ensemble 2 — ñòðóííûé àíñàìáëü 2
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Synth
Strings 1 — ñèíòåòè÷åñêèå ñòðóííûå 1
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Synth
Strings 2 — ñèíòåòè÷åñêèå ñòðóííûå 2
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Synth
Voice — ñèíòåòè÷åñêèé ãîëîñ
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Orchestra
Hit — îðêåñòðîâîå òóòòè
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Muted
Trumpet — ïðèãëóøåííàÿ òðóáà
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Brass
Section — ìåäíàÿ ñåêöèÿ
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Synth
Brass 1 — ñèíòåòè÷åñêàÿ ìåäü 1
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Synth
Brass 2 — ñèíòåòè÷åñêàÿ ìåäü 2
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Soprano
Sax — ñàêñîôîí-ñîïðàíî
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Baritone
Sax — ñàêñîôîí-áàðèòîí
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English
Horn — àíãëèéñêèé ðîæîê
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Bottle
Blow — äóòüå â áóòûëêó
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Lead
1 (square) — ñîëî-ïðÿìîóãîëüíèê
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Lead
2 (sawtooth) — ñîëî-ïèëà
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Lead
3 (calliope) — ñîëî-êàëèîïå
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Lead
4 (chiff) — ñîëî-÷èô
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Lead
5 (charang) — ñîëî-÷àðàíã
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Lead
6 (voice) — ñîëî-ãîëîñ
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Lead
7 (fifths) — ñîëî-êâèíòû
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Lead
8 (bass + lead) — áàñ + ñîëî
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Pad
1 (new age) — îðêåñòðîâàÿ ïîäêëàäêà, íîâûé âåê
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Pad
2 (warm) — îðêåñòðîâàÿ ïîäêëàäêà, òåïëàÿ
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Pad
3 (polysynth) — îðêåñòðîâàÿ ïîäêëàäêà, ïîëèñèíòåòè÷åñêàÿ
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Pad
4 (choir) — îðêåñòðîâàÿ ïîäêëàäêà, õîð
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Pad
5 (bowed) — îðêåñòðîâàÿ ïîäêëàäêà, ñìû÷êîâûå
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Pad
6 (metallic) — îðêåñòðîâàÿ ïîäêëàäêà, ìåòàëë
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Pad
7 (halo) — îðêåñòðîâàÿ ïîäêëàäêà, ãàëî
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Pad
8 (sweep) — îðêåñòðîâàÿ ïîäêëàäêà, ñâèï
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FX 2
(soundtrack) — ñàóíäòðåê
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FX 3
(crystal) — êðèñòàëë
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FX 4
(atmosphere) — àòìîñôåðà
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FX 5
(brightness) — ÿðêîñòü
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FX 8
(sci-fi) — íàó÷íàÿ ôàíòàñòèêà
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Tinkle
Bell — çâîí êîëîêîëü÷èêà
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Steel
Drums — ñòàëüíûå áàðàáàíû
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Woodbloc
— äåðåâÿííûé áëîê
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Taiko
Drum — áàðàáàí-òàéêî
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Melodic
Drum — ìåëîäè÷åñêèé áàðàáàí
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Synth
Drum — ñèíòåòè÷åñêèé áàðàáàí
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Revers
Cymbal — ðåâåðñèâíàÿ òàðåëêà
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Guitar
Fret Noise — çâóê ëàäîâ ãèòàðû
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Breath
Noise — äûõàíèå âåòðà
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Seashore
— ìîðñêîé ïðèáîé
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Bird
Tweet — ïòè÷èé ñâèñò
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Telephone
Ring — òåëåôîííûé çâîíîê
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126 |
Applause
— àïëîäèñìåíòû |
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127 |
Gunshot
— âûñòðåë |
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Òàáëèöà
2.8. Ñòàíäàðòíûå óäàðíûå èíñòðóìåíòû GM
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Acoustic
Bass Drum — àêóñòè÷åñêèé áîëüøîé áàðàáàí
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Bass
Drum 1 — áîëüøîé áàðàáàí
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Side
Kick — óäàð ïî êðàþ áàðàáàíà
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Acoustic
Snare — ìàëûé àêóñòè÷åñêèé áàðàáàí
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Hand
Clap — õëîïîê â ëàäîøè
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Electric
Snare — ìàëûé ýëåêòðè÷åñêèé áàðàáàí
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Low
Floor Tom — íèçêèé òîì
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Closed
High-Hat — çàêðûòûé õàé-õýò
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High
Floor Tom — íèæíèé òîì
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Pedal
High Hat — ïåäàëü õàé-õýò
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Open
High Hat — îòêðûòûé õàé-õýò
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Low-Mid
Tom — ñðåäíèé òîì 2
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High-Mid
Tom — âûñîêèé òîì 2
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Crash
Cymbal 1 — òàðåëêà êðàø 1
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Ride
Cymbal 1 — òàðåëêà ðàéä 1
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Chinese
Cymbal — êèòàéñêàÿ òàðåëêà
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Ride
Bell — êîëîêîëü÷èê ðàéä
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Tambourine
— òàìáóðèí (áóáåí)
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Splash
Cymbal — òàðåëêà ñïëýø
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Cowbell
— êîðîâèé êîëîêîëü÷èê
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Crash
Cymbal 2 — òàðåëêà êðýø 2
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Vibraslap
— âèáðèðóþùèé õëîïîê
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Ride
Cymbal 2 — òàðåëêà ðàéä 2
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High
Bongo — áîíãî âûñîêèé
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Mute
High Conga — êîíãî âûñîêèé ãëóõîé
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Open
High Conga — êîíãî îòêðûòûé âûñîêèé
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High
Timbale — ëèòàâðû âûñîêèå
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Low
Timbale — ëèòàâðû íèçêèå
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High
Agogo — àãîãî âûñîêèé
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Short
Whistle — êîðîòêèé ñâèñò
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Long
Whistle — äëèííûé ñâèñò
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Short
Guiro — ãóàéðî êîðîòêèé
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Long
Guiro — ãóàéðî äëèííûé
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High
Wood Block — âûñîêèé äåðåâÿííûé áëîê
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Low
Wood Block — íèçêèé äåðåâÿííûé áëîê
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Mute
Cuica — êóèêà ïðèãëóøåííûé
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Open
Cuica — êóèêà îòêðûòûé
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Mute
Triangle — ïðèãëóøåííûé òðåóãîëüíèê
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Open
Triangle — îòêðûòûé òðåóãîëüíèê
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Ðàññìîòðåííûå
òðåáîâàíèÿ ÿâëÿþòñÿ ìèíèìàëüíûìè, è íè ÷òî íå ìåøàåò ñîçäàâàòü èíñòðóìåíò ñ
áîëüøèìè âîçìîæíîñòÿìè, ÷òî ðåàëüíî è ïðîèñõîäèò.
Ñîäåðæàíèå ðàçäåëà
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